Give your views on the case.

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Business Ethics

Case Studies
CASE STUDY (20 Marks)
Dallas: For the last six months, many Roman Catholic priests have felt like the public face of scandal, in their communities, even though most had no role in the sex abuse crisis engulfing the church. Now, they say, they face a new concern: whether the blameless in their ranks will be hurt under the ambitious policy bishops have adopted to keep abusive clergy away from parishioners. Under the “Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People,” clergymen who molest children will never again be active in church work, and some will be formally removed from the priesthood. Many priest say they are concerned about the document’s board definition of abuse, and they question whether the church leaders who approved it have taken enough responsibility for their own roles in creating the moral emergency. “The policy is driven a lot more by public sentiment than the principle of compassion.” Said the Rev. Robert Silva, Head of the National Federation of priests’ Councils, which claims a membership of about half of the nation 46,000 priests. Since the scandal erupted in January with the conviction of a former Boston priest for molesting a boy, scores of people have come forward with accusations of sexual abuse by priests and indifference from church leaders. At least 250 priests have since resigned or been suspended. Silva said priests – already anxious about their interactions with children – we be even more apprehensive because of the definition of abuse the bishops approved on Friday. Abuse will now be considered as any inappropriate contact with a child, regardless of whether it involves force, physical contact or whether any harm is apparent. Silva called the wording "very frightening.” Philadelphia cardinal, Anthony Bevilacqua, who is a canon lawyer, said he too was concerned by the language and hoped it would be clarified when the document comes under review in two years. “It’s very difficult to come to a definition,” he said. “It must be something of a serious nature and involve some kind of bodily interaction.” Silva also complained that the plan contained severe punishments for the priests but no sanctions for bishops who mishandle abuse cases. The bishops have informed a national governor Frank Keating, to annually review whether church leaders are complying with the policy. Some clergy said that wasn’t enough. The bishops added a clause saying they “deeply regret that any of our decisions have obscured the good work of our priests.” But Mondignor Kenneth Lasch, a parish priest and canon lawyer in Paterson, New Jersey, Diocese felt the apology sounded stilted.

Answer the following question.

Q1. Religious matters sideline ethical issues. Comment.

Q2. What are your viewpoints on the above case? Give details in brief.

CASE STUDY (20 Marks)
Sick of angry campaign ads invading your living room? Dismayed by the vulgarity and poisonous political messages of the primary season? Don't change the channel quite yet. As USA head into the general election in 2016, there are things to learn from political communications, and it is our duty as voters to cut through the rhetoric in order to vet these applicants for the most important job in the country. The American process for electing public officials is born out of the ethical ideal of creating an informed electorate. It is the campaign's task to introduce the candidate and inform the voters about the candidate's background, his or her positions on the issues, and how the candidate is different from the opponent. Political communications serve to inform the electorate, as long as the content of the communication is true, fair, and relevant. It is our task as voters to analyze all political communications to make sure that they meet this standard. It should be of no surprise to anyone that campaign communications often distort the truth. For example, who can forget Donald Trump's television ad showing hundreds of immigrants streaming across the border. The only problem was that the video was taken in Morocco. Bernie Sanders came under fire when an ad about endorsements quoted favorable comments about him from a newspaper that had actually endorsed Clinton. Truth is the first task of campaign communications, but something true can still be unfair. We need to be wary of statements or facts which, while true, are being used out of context. Clinton was recently criticized for taking Sanders' voting record out of context when she claimed in Michigan that he had voted against the auto bailout. Sanders had in fact supported a standalone bill bailing out the auto industry, but voted against the larger bill that not only included support for the auto industry but the banking and insurance industries as well. Whenever a candidate is criticized for casting a vote, we need to make sure we know the whole story. Not only should political communications be truthful, and fair, but they should also be relevant to the issues in the race. We have all seen political attacks that talk about a candidate's youthful indiscretions, private marital troubles, or about problematic behavior on the part of a candidate's family member or associate. The question of whether these types of attacks are relevant to the issues in the campaign can only be decided by the individual voter. For example, was the fact that Melania Trump posed for a risqué "British GQ" photo shoot 15 years ago, before she was married to Donald Trump, really relevant to the issues facing our country today? Is Bill Clinton's past infidelity relevant to Hillary Clinton's ability to govern? We must question whether a spot is designed purely to appeal to our base emotions (such as disgust at a family member's behavior) or whether the content of the ad is pertinent to a legitimate interest in the race.

Answer the following question.

Q1. Give an overview of the case.

Q2. In your opinion, what are the unethical issues being used in election campaign? Discuss in detail.

CASE STUDY (20 Marks)
Scientists have created Britain’s first ‘virgin conception’ embryos using a technique that could yield a new source of stem cells, sparking a new ethical row. They were made without using sperm or any outside genetic material – making the clones of the women who donated the eggs involved. The news, from the centre that cloned Dolly the sheep, came just a day after Newcastle scientists who won the go a head to create a human embryo with two genetic mothers. It raises the concern that the same technique could be
used to produce a cloned baby. The team took eggs donated by women undergoing sterilization and stimulated them to start dividing, as if they had been fertilized. Some grew into embryos created without any addition of new genetic material, either from male sperm or a clone donor. Each embryo only contained about 50 cells which could never be used to make a baby. But scientists hope that in future, embryos made by the process – known as parthenogenesis – may be minded for valuable stem cells. Those taken from early embryos have the potential to become any part of the body, from bones to brains. Scientists hope in future they will form the basis of revolutionary new treatments for conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, and failing hearts. Dr.Paul de Sousa, who is leading the research, told the BA Festival of Science at Trinity College, Dublin: “At the moment, we have not managed to get stemcells from these embryos, and that continues to be our ambition.” He said the embryos would never be implanted into anyone’s womb. “We have consent for research purpose only.” Parthenogenesis has been suggested as a more ethically acceptable way of harvesting embryonic stem cells.

Answer the following question.

Q1. What are the unethical issues involved in the above case.

Q2. What was the ambition of scientist? Explain in detail.

CASE STUDY (20 Marks)
Last year, Google, Facebook, Apple, and Twitter released statistics on their workforce diversity. At these companies, women hold only 16% of tech jobs. The Ellen Pao discrimination case put Silicon Valley, particularly VC firms, under the microscope. Whether it will be a watershed moment for gender diversity is still up in the air. At a minimum, a record of more subtle forms of discrimination exists now in the form of the case's court record. Major challenges organizations face in achieving gender diversity include hidden bias, micro aggressions, and leave policies that make sustained employment difficult for parents. Providing training and workshops to employees is not enough. Organizations must complement employee support with proper processes and controls. Diversity and inclusion will soon become a necessity, as both engineering talent becomes scarcer and communication between teams becomes even more paramount. "The experience of women in her early career is quite different from one on the back end of her career, yet we tend to clump the female experience into one category." "As companies continue to shift to being solutions based, connecting and giving a voice to their entire workforce will become even more important." "No one person can solve gender discrimination, but everyone can do something."

Answer the following question.

Q1. Give your views on the case.

Q2. Discuss the reasons of gender diversity and discrimination in silicon valley



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